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Marine natural products (MNPs) are the source of modern marine drugs, but they have the characteristics of strong guiding function and weak druggability. How to quickly and efficiently discover new bioactive MNPs and optimize their druggability is an important idea for the research and development of innovative marine drugs. This article has made some discussions and suggestions on this emphasis from the origin and characteristics of MNPs, marine microorganisms with specific productivity for MNPs and the strategies of microbial MNPs with high yields and diverse structures, as well as the structural modification for medicinal use of MNPs.
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Antecedentes: Los productos naturales aislados de microorganismos marinos han demostrado tener un amplio rango de actividades biológicas incluyendo inhibidores de quorum sensing. Objetivos: Estudiamos quince cepas bacterianas del phylum Firmicutes aisladas del coral blando Antillogorgia elisabethae que fueron evaluadas como una nueva fuente sostenible de compuestos inhibidores de quorum sensing (IQS). Métodos: Se prepararon cultivos en cuatro medios diferentes y extraídos usando una resina no iónica. Todos los extractos fueron probados con el fin de establecer su actividad inhibitoria de quorum sensing (IQS) usando Chromobacterium violaceum ATCC 31532 como biosensor. Los extractos activos fueron fraccionados mediante cartuchos RP-18. Cada fracción fue evaluada mediante bioensayo y analizada por HPLC. Resultados: Las fracciones metanólicas de Jeotgalicoccus halophilus y Oceanobacillus profundus fueron las más activas, lo cual sugiere que los compuestos no polares pueden ser los responsables de esta actividad. Conclusiones: El estudio químico del extracto orgánico de O. profundus cultivado en medio LBS permitió aislar los compuestos tirosol (1) y acetato de tirosol (2) como los responsables de la actividad IQS.
Background: Natural products isolated from marine microorganisms have demonstrated a wide range of biological activities included quorum sensing inhibitors. Objectives: We study fifteen marine Firmicutes bacterial strains isolated from the Caribbean soft coral Antillogorgia elisabethae that were evaluated as a novel and sustainable source of quorum sensing inhibitor compounds. Methods: Cultures were made in four different culture media and further extracted using a non-ionic resin. All these extracts were tested in order to establish its quorum sensing inhibition (QSI) activity using Chromobacterium violaceum ATCC 31532. The active extracts were fractionated by RP-18 cartridge. Each fraction was tested and evaluated for its composition by HPLC-PDA. Results: Methanol fractions of Jeotgalicoccus halophilus and Oceanobacillus profundus were the most active ones, suggesting that non-polar compounds could be the responsible for the QSI activity of the bacterial extracts here tested. Conclusions: The chemical study of the organic extract of Oceanobacillus profundus cultured in LBS, yielded the compounds tyrosol (1) and tyrosol acetate (2) as responsible of QSI activity showed by the organic extract.
Subject(s)
Humans , Bacteria , Quorum Sensing , Biological Products , Marine EnvironmentABSTRACT
The aim of the paper is to review the research progress on the secondary metabolites from marine microorganisms in recent years and to summarize its application in antimicrobial activity. We have earched and collected the published articles which are focused on the secondary metabolites from marine microorganisms; analysed the structure and function of the secondary metabolites and summed up the antimicrobial activities of the production from marine microorganisms; in addition,investigated the mechanism of action about the antimicrobial activities of the secondary metabolites from marine microorganisms. The secondary metabolites from marine microorganisms have rich structural diversity and different mechanisms of action. Marine microorganisms have the potential to produce large numbers of bioactive metabolites, among which the antimicrobial substance is the most prominent,making it an important resource in the development of novel marine drugs.
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The aim of the paper is to review the research progress on the secondary metabolites from marine microorganisms in recent years and to summarize its application in antimicrobial activity. We have earched and collected the published articles which are focused on the secondary metabolites from marine microorganisms; analysed the structure and function of the secondary metabolites and summed up the antimicrobial activities of the production from marine microorganisms; in addition, investigated the mechanism of action about the antimicrobial activities of the secondary metabolites from marine microorganisms. The secondary metabolites from marine microorganisms have rich structural diversity and different mechanisms of action. Marine microorganisms have the potential to produce large numbers of bioactive metabolites, among which the antimicrobial substance is the most prominent, making it an important resource in the development of novel marine drugs.
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The marine environments of Argentina have a remarkable extension, as well as high biological productivity and biodiversity of both macro- and microorganisms. Despite having a great potential for biotechnological applications, the microorganisms inhabiting these ecosystems remain mostly unexplored and unexploited. In this review, we study the research topics and the interactions among Argentinean laboratories, by analyzing current articles published on biotechnology-related marine microbiology by researchers of this country. In addition, we identify the challenges and opportunities for Argentina to take advantage of the genetic potential of its marine microorganisms. Finally, we suggest possible actions that could improve the development of this research field, as well as the utilization of this knowledge to solve societal needs.
El medio ambiente marino de la Argentina tiene una notable extensión, como así también una alta productividad biológica y biodiversidad de macro y microorganismos. A pesar de presentar un gran potencial para aplicaciones biotecnológicas, los microorganismos que habitan estos ecosistemas permanecen mayormente inexplorados y sus propiedades aún no explotadas. En este trabajo de revisión, estudiamos los temas de investigación y las interacciones entre grupos de investigación argentinos, por medio del análisis de los artículos publicados hasta el momento en temáticas relacionadas con la aplicación biotecnológica de microorganismos marinos. Además, identificamos los desafíos y las oportunidades para que la Argentina tome ventaja del potencial genético de sus microorganismos marinos. Por último, sugerimos posibles acciones que podrían mejorar el desarrollo de este campo de estudio, como así también la utilización de este conocimiento para resolver las necesidades de la sociedad.
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Biotechnology , Marine Biology , Water Microbiology , Antarctic Regions , Argentina , Biodegradation, Environmental , Biodiversity , Drug Discovery , Forecasting , International Cooperation , Microbial Consortia , Oceans and Seas , Research/organization & administrationABSTRACT
Bioprospección de microorganismos marinos: aplicaciones biotecnológicas y métodos. Los microorganismos ambientales constituyen una reserva prácticamente inagotable de diversidad genética, acumulada durante millones de años de evolución adaptativa a varias presiones selectivas. En particular, la magnitud de la biodiversidad microbiana en hábitats marinos parece crecer al emerger nuevas técnicas para medirla. Como resultado, se han comenzado a utilizar enfoques novedosos y más complejos para la búsqueda de moléculas y actividades de interés biotecnológico en estos ambientes. En este artículo de revisión, nosotros exploramos los diferentes campos de la biotecnología que utilizan microorganismos, los cuales se superponen parcialmente, y describimos los diferentes hábitats marinos que resultan particularmente atractivos para la bioprospección. Además, revisamos los enfoques metodológicos actualmente utilizados para la bioprospección microbiana, desde las técnicas de cultivo tradicionales hasta modernos enfoques metagenómicos, con énfasis en el medio ambiente marino.
Environmental microorganisms constitute an almost inexhaustible reserve of genetic and functional diversity, accumulated during millions of years of adaptive evolution to various selective pressures. In particular, the extent of microbial biodiversity in marine habitats seems to grow larger as new techniques emerge to measure it. This has resulted in novel and more complex approaches for the screening of molecules and activities of biotechnological interest in these environments. In this review, we explore the different partially overlapping biotechnological fields that make use of microorganisms and we describe the different marine habitats that are particularly attractive for bioprospection. In addition, we review the methodological approaches currently used for microbial bioprospection, from the traditional cultivation techniques to state of the art metagenomic approaches, with emphasis in the marine environment.
Subject(s)
Biotechnology/methods , Environmental Microbiology , Marine Biology/methods , Agricultural Inoculants , Argentina , Biocatalysis , Biodiversity , Biotechnology/trends , Drug Discovery , Ecosystem , Industrial Microbiology/methods , Industrial Microbiology/trends , Microbial Consortia , Marine Biology/trends , Metagenomics/methodsABSTRACT
Objective To isolate fungi from sea sediment and sea water samples collected from the neritic environment in Qingdao, screen their antitumor activity and study on their fermentation condition. Methods The antitumor activity was assayed by flow cytometry in mouse tsFT210 cells. Results The medium added penicillin and streptomycin possesses good selectivity. 207 strains of fungi were isolated and among them, 19 strains showed antitumor activity, and one fungus(Z 83200)pocesses strong cell apoptosis inducing activity.
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In the past ten years, many new structurally unique antitumor compounds have been isolated from marine microorganisms. This article summarizes the research advances in antitumor metabolites from marine microorganisms in recent ten years, according to microorganisms species.
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Objective To isolate marine microorganisms against murine melanoma cells B16.Methods Using Gause,M1,and Martin media for isolation.Isolates were fermented in the soy flour medium,the fermentation supernatant were tested against murine melanoma cells B16 by observing the growth inhibition or killing of the tumour cells under microscope.The results were statistically analyzed by SAS.Results Six hundred and thirty four strains of marine microorganisms were isolated from 101 marine animal samples,of which 56 active strains against murine melanoma cells B16 were screened out,the percentage of cytotoxic active strains was 8.83%.Conclusion The number of cytotoxic active strains was higher from Actina,Mytilus edulis,Meretrix meretrix,Atrina,Ascidiacea,Tube Worm,and crabs.There was significant relation between different microorganism types isolated to the sampling locations.Hainan Lingshui New Village fishing row had the highest percentage of the actinomycetes,GuangXi Beihai Guchengling mangrove had the highest percentage of bacteria,and GuangXi Beihai Nanwan habor had the highest percentage of fungi.There was significant relation between cytotoxic activity of the isolated strains to different microorganism types of bacteria,actinomycetes and fungi,among which thebacteria showed highest percentage of cytotoxic activity.
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This paper summarizes the literature and gives examples to try and illustrate that the seas are important habitat of new species of microorganisms and ex-tremophiles; the marine environment is a rich source of novel bioactive natutal products, many of which have not been found in terrestrial sources. Undoubtfully ,the resources of marine microorganisms are likely to play an important role in the discovery of new drugs in the 21st century.
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Marine bacteria from the samples of sea sediments and seawater were directly plated on isolation media and the biodiversity of isolates was examined with DNA fingerprinting.542 single colonies were obtained from the media.ARDRA with enzyme Hinf I revealed 16 operational taxonomic units(OTU) which were dominated by OTU5 group which accounts for 19 isolates,and OTU7 group which accounts for 11 isolates.The biodiversity of isolates from these two dominant OTU groups was further investigated by a genomic fingerprinting technique, ERIC-PCR.The results indicated that there were 12 different ERIC-PCR types present among the OTU5 group while only 4 among the OTU7.The data indicated rich diversity profiles of marine microorganisms were presented in the East China Sea.
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The strain F12-11-1-2 was isolated from the East China Sea,which had antimitosis activity using Pyricularia oryzae mode.Ac- cording to phenotypical study,salt-aggregation test and 16S rDNA sequence analysis,the strain F12-11-1-2 has been identified to be Bacillus subtilis.
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Nowadays, AIDS becomes the serious public health and social pr ob lem. Discovering new anti-HIV active natural products from natural resources i s an important approach for new drug research and development. The paper review s the anti-HIV active natural products derived from marine microorganisms and m arine algae,and the anti-HIV active natural products' screening methods and ac tive targets.